全文获取类型
收费全文 | 45095篇 |
免费 | 5010篇 |
国内免费 | 3582篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 6350篇 |
综合类 | 4476篇 |
化学工业 | 6946篇 |
金属工艺 | 1549篇 |
机械仪表 | 1714篇 |
建筑科学 | 5027篇 |
矿业工程 | 2223篇 |
能源动力 | 1622篇 |
轻工业 | 5069篇 |
水利工程 | 2450篇 |
石油天然气 | 1878篇 |
武器工业 | 399篇 |
无线电 | 2134篇 |
一般工业技术 | 3869篇 |
冶金工业 | 1107篇 |
原子能技术 | 327篇 |
自动化技术 | 6547篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 121篇 |
2023年 | 864篇 |
2022年 | 1180篇 |
2021年 | 1534篇 |
2020年 | 1659篇 |
2019年 | 1623篇 |
2018年 | 1488篇 |
2017年 | 1617篇 |
2016年 | 1747篇 |
2015年 | 1821篇 |
2014年 | 2583篇 |
2013年 | 2842篇 |
2012年 | 3083篇 |
2011年 | 3379篇 |
2010年 | 2484篇 |
2009年 | 2788篇 |
2008年 | 2504篇 |
2007年 | 2965篇 |
2006年 | 2661篇 |
2005年 | 2320篇 |
2004年 | 1970篇 |
2003年 | 1594篇 |
2002年 | 1330篇 |
2001年 | 1135篇 |
2000年 | 1031篇 |
1999年 | 986篇 |
1998年 | 786篇 |
1997年 | 604篇 |
1996年 | 538篇 |
1995年 | 475篇 |
1994年 | 412篇 |
1993年 | 337篇 |
1992年 | 322篇 |
1991年 | 208篇 |
1990年 | 135篇 |
1989年 | 117篇 |
1988年 | 82篇 |
1987年 | 60篇 |
1986年 | 46篇 |
1985年 | 29篇 |
1984年 | 47篇 |
1983年 | 36篇 |
1982年 | 37篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 19篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1955年 | 3篇 |
1951年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
This article addresses the computation of invariant control laws [A. Fradkov, I. Miroshnik, V. Nikiforov, Nonlinear and Adaptive Control of Complex Systems, Kluwer, 1999] for fed-batch fermenters represented by two standard models. It will be shown how to derive partial state feedbacks that, assuming ideal conditions and perfect model, keep the specific growth rate μ constant provided the initial conditions are adequate. The invariant control law is the closed loop version of the exponential feeding already suggested in several references as shown later. The paper presents an analysis of invariance and a study of global stability within the framework of partial stability. That is, stability with respect to some of the state variables. This enables us to treat the case with Haldane-like or non-monotonous kinetics. 相似文献
72.
C. Lavoie F. M. d Heurle C. Detavernier C. Cabral Jr. 《Microelectronic Engineering》2003,70(2-4):144-157
In this paper, we review some of the advantages and disadvantages of nickel silicide as a material for the electrical contacts to the source, drain and gate of current and future CMOS devices. We first present some of the limitations imposed on the current cobalt silicide process because of the constant scaling, of the introduction of new substrate geometries (i.e. thin silicon on insulator) and of the modifications to the substrate material (i.e. SiGe). We then discuss the advantages of NiSi and for each of the CoSi2 limitations, we point out why Ni is believed to be superior from the point of view of material properties, miscibility of phases and formation mechanisms. Discussion follows on the expected limitations of NiSi and some of the possible solutions to palliate these limitations. 相似文献
73.
牛头山水电站大坝为抛物线形混凝土双曲拱坝,最大坝高108.0 m,采用坝顶5孔开敞式溢洪道泄洪,挑流消能。为提前发挥水电站效益,在拱坝尚未完全封拱的情况下,通过计算分析,得出了水库可以下闸蓄水的结论。 相似文献
74.
LD抽运免调试谐振腔被动调Q的固体激光器 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
将免调试谐振腔应用于二极管抽运固体激光器 ,采用Cr4 + ∶YAG晶体被动调Q ,准连续二极管侧向非均匀抽运Nd∶YAG激光棒 ,传导冷却 ,KTP腔外倍频 ,具有结构紧凑、抗失调能力强的特点。获得了远场近似平顶高斯分布的激光输出 ,输出波长 0 5 3μm ,能量 5 2 2mJ pulse ,稳定性 0 5 % ,电 光转换效率 3 4 % ,脉宽~ 6ns,重复频率 10~ 4 0Hz,发散角 2 8mrad。 相似文献
75.
吐哈油田部分区块地层压力系数小于0.9,常规水基压井液对储层伤害大,若使用油基压井液成本高,环境污染严重。通过实验优选出了一种低密度水基微泡沫压井液。该压井液具有密度低、泡沫强度高、稳定性好、携砂能力强等优点。现场应用表明,低密度微泡沫压井液稳定时间大于48 h,密度在0.70~0.99 g/cm3之间可调,抗油污染能力强,抗油大于8%,抗温在100℃以上,岩心污染后渗透率恢复值大于80%;并且施工方便,成本低,具有储层保护能力,使用微泡沫压井液的井表皮系数在0.20~2.34之间。 相似文献
76.
WuM1-1羽状分支水平井充气钻井液技术 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
WuM1-1井由1口多分支水平井和1口采气的直井组成。该井斜井段短,井斜率在30°/100 m以上,主井眼和10个分支井段总进尺6182 m,98%以上在煤层中钻进,煤层脆、压实性较好,更易发生掉块。为满足钻井对井壁稳定性、润滑性、井眼净化以及煤层保护等的要求,采用钾铵基聚合物防塌钻井液进行充气欠平衡钻井,在钻进中保持钻井液有合适的粘度、切力,选用合适的注气压力和注气量以及当量钻井液密度;每钻完一个立柱坚持循环几分钟,上下划眼一次,并泵入CMC高粘钻井液,配合有效使用固控设备,尽量使井眼干净;复配使用粉末状固体润滑剂和液体润滑剂。该钻井液性能稳定,易于维护,悬浮携岩能力强,润滑性好,井眼畅通,保证了WuM1-1井安全、快速、优质施工。该井在煤层钻进中无阻卡现象,井壁稳定,没有出现井壁掉块或井垮现象,水平连通一次成功,10口分支井悬空侧钻一次成功,只用57 d即顺利完井,比该地区常规钻井快49倍。 相似文献
77.
Ana M. García José M. Villora Diego A. Moreno Carlos Ranninger Pío Callejas M. Flora Barba 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2003,86(12):2200-2202
The objective of this research was to study the removal of cadmium and lead from an aqueous solution through a biological treatment. For this purpose a glass-ceramic material was manufactured from industrial and urban wastes. Biofilms of microorganisms found in wastewater were developed on its surface, and continuous tests were conducted in the presence and absence of the biofilm to analyze the glass-ceramic's ability to remove the heavy metals from an aqueous environment. The results suggest that this bioremediation process, developed on an industrial scale, could represent an alternative to the chemical processes currently used. 相似文献
78.
Dong-Soo Yoon Jae Sung Roh Sung-Man Lee Hong Koo Baik 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2003,32(8):890-898
The effect of a thin RuOx layer formed on the Ru/TiN/doped poly-Si/Si stack structure was compared with that on the RuOx/TiN/doped poly-Si/Si stack structure over the post-deposition annealing temperature ranges of 450–600°C. The Ru/TiN/poly-Si/Si
contact system exhibited linear behavior at forward bias with a small increase in the total resistance up to 600°C. The RuOx/TiN/poly-Si/Si contact system exhibited nonlinear characteristics under forward bias at 450°C, which is attributed to no
formation of a thin RuOx layer at the RuOx surface and porous-amorphous microstructure. In the former case, the addition of oxygen at the surface layer of the Ru film
by pre-annealing leads to the formation of a thin RuOx layer and chemically strong Ru-O bonds. This results from the retardation of oxygen diffusion caused by the discontinuity
of diffusion paths. In particular, the RuOx layer in a nonstoichiometric state is changed to the RuO2-crystalline phase in a stoichiometric state after post-deposition annealing; this phase can act as an oxygen-capture layer.
Therefore, it appears that the electrical properties of the Ru/TiN/poly-Si/Si contact system are better than those of the
RuOx/TiN/poly-Si/Si contact system. 相似文献
79.
80.
For completely observed continuous time constant parameter stochastic linear systems, an indirect adaptive control law is presented which, subject principally to a weak location hypothesis concerning the true parameter, and a persistent excitation hypothesis, generates ε-consistent recursive least squares parameter estimates and ensures the system is mean square sample path stable. The adaptive control algorith mentails (i) recursively calculating the least squares estimate of the system parameter, and (ii) recursively generating the LQR feedback gain matrix lying in a set of matrix gains γ known to contain a stabilizing gain. The a.s. non-explosion of the system is a direct consequence of this construction. 相似文献